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Use of portable Raman spectrometers for detection of sulfates: potential application in exobiology
Košek, Filip ; Jehlička, Jan (advisor) ; Němec, Ivan (referee)
The detection of mineral phases under in situ conditions has become a primary but sometimes also challenging task in many fields of geoscience. Raman spectroscopy has been used as a powerful tool for the identification of various minerals and organic compounds. The advantages and the relative simplicity made this method a promising choice in the future planetary exploration missions to Mars. The deposits of aqueous minerals including sulfates have been found on the Martian surface. With the development of miniaturized handheld spectrometers there is a need for evaluation of Raman spectroscopy as a method of identification of sulfate phases in their natural conditions. In the first part of this work a handheld spectrometer equipped with 532 nm excitation laser was tested under laboratory conditions during which the ability to distinguish mineral samples representing sulfates of different chemical composition and different degree of hydration was investigated. In the second part, two handheld Raman spectrometers equipped with 532 and 785 nm excitation lasers were used for the characterization of sulfate phases on sites of their natural occurrence located in the Czech Republic. The quality of the Raman spectra acquired under outdoor conditions by both spectrometers was rather average but sufficient to...
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Application of Raman spectroscopy for detection of sulfates of self-ignited coal heaps
Košek, Filip ; Jehlička, Jan (advisor) ; Němec, Ivan (referee) ; Vandenabeele, Peter (referee)
This Ph.D. thesis was focused on the application of Raman spectroscopy as the main analytical method for the characterization of neo-formed minerals, notably sulfates, from burning coal waste dumps. This environment associated with subsurface fires gives rise to a variety of uncommon and rare minerals. The specific features of these minerals (metastability, hygroscopy, mixed aggregates) causes that the mineralogical investigation is a challenging task using traditional laboratory-based techniques. Advantages such as the non-destructive nature, the sensitivity to the changes in the hydration degree of sulfates, little or none pretreatment, and the option of measurements directly in the field were the main reasons for applying this spectroscopy method. The scarce availability of spectroscopic data of most gas-vent minerals can be considered as the disadvantage. Therefore, artificial prepared samples of six anhydrous sulfates, which are rarely found in nature, were analyzed by Raman laboratory spectroscopy and a miniature a Raman spectrometer, and specific Raman features as well the differences with hydrated counterparts are shown. Laboratory investigation of two natural hydrated aluminum sulfates, alunogen and khademite, were carried out using Raman spectroscopy and other methods in order to obtain...
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Use of portable Raman spectrometers for detection of sulfates: potential application in exobiology
Košek, Filip ; Jehlička, Jan (advisor) ; Němec, Ivan (referee)
The detection of mineral phases under in situ conditions has become a primary but sometimes also challenging task in many fields of geoscience. Raman spectroscopy has been used as a powerful tool for the identification of various minerals and organic compounds. The advantages and the relative simplicity made this method a promising choice in the future planetary exploration missions to Mars. The deposits of aqueous minerals including sulfates have been found on the Martian surface. With the development of miniaturized handheld spectrometers there is a need for evaluation of Raman spectroscopy as a method of identification of sulfate phases in their natural conditions. In the first part of this work a handheld spectrometer equipped with 532 nm excitation laser was tested under laboratory conditions during which the ability to distinguish mineral samples representing sulfates of different chemical composition and different degree of hydration was investigated. In the second part, two handheld Raman spectrometers equipped with 532 and 785 nm excitation lasers were used for the characterization of sulfate phases on sites of their natural occurrence located in the Czech Republic. The quality of the Raman spectra acquired under outdoor conditions by both spectrometers was rather average but sufficient to...
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Material analysis of natural stone - sedimentary and crystalline limestone ("marble") - exact laboratory methods as a tool to determine the source area
Přikryl, Richard ; Šťastná, Aneta ; Kozlovcev, Petr ; Přikrylová, Jiřina ; Zamrazilová, Lenka
Metodika se zabývá hlavními postupy a analytickými rozbory, které lze využít k petrografickému a geochemickému popisu sedimentárních vápenců a mramorů, který poté slouží k určování jejich provenience. V metodice je diskutován rozsah použití jednotlivých metod pro popis sedimentárních a krystalických vápenců („mramorů“) a současné možnosti jejich petrografické klasifikace. Předkládaná metodika je určena pro oblast památkové péče, která využívá výsledků materiálových rozborů objektů kulturního dědictví – sochařských výtvarných děl, architektonických prvků a staveb, zhotovených ze sedimentárního nebo krystalického vápence. Výsledky, dosažené pomocí postupů, navržených v této metodice by měly přispět: (1) ke zpřesnění znalostí o materiálu; (2) ke sjednocení postupů, používaných při klasifikaci vápenců a mramorů; (3) k nalezení zdrojové lokality či alespoň oblasti, z níž byl přírodní kámen (vápenec a mramor) odebírán; (4) k hledání vhodného náhradního typu vápence nebo mramoru při nutnosti výměny; (5) k poznání vhodných postupů při restaurování objektů ze sedimentárního nebo krystalické vápence. Oblast využití této metodiky je tedy při předrestaurátorských materiálových průzkumech památek, na nichž byl použit příslušný typ přírodního kamene, tedy vápenec nebo mramor. Předložená metodika je určena širšímu okruhu specialistů, kteří se podílejí na předrestaurátorských materiálových průzkumech památek, nebo rozbor zadávají, či výsledky průzkumu potřebují pro volbu vhodné strategie restaurování. Metodika byla certifikována dne 28. 5. 2015, Osvědčení č. 34(č.j. MK 3363/2015 OVV; sp. zn. MK-S 115/2015 OVV).
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